Association between Gonadotrophic Hormones (FSH and LH) and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Adult Iraqi Males: A Case-Control Study

Bilal Ahmed Thmail, Mohammed Mezher Hussain, Amal Rasheed Farhan

Abstract


Background: Numerous authors have extensively assessed the correlation between gonadotrophic hormones (FSH and LH) and metabolic disturbances in type 2 diabetes among postmenopausal women. However, there is limited knowledge regarding the connection between metabolic disorders in T2DM and the pituitary-gonadal axis in men. Only a small number of published articles have emphasized noteworthy results in this regard. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between T2DM and serum gonadotrophin levels in men.

Methods: This case-control study was conducted at Al-Ramadi Hospital, Iraq, and included 100 adult males diagnosed with T2DM (case group) and 50 healthy males. The patients were chosen at random among the people attending the Al-Ramadi teaching hospital's diabetes control center. The control group consisted of 50 adult males who were healthcare providers working at the teaching hospital. The study collected various variables, including age, (BMI), serum (FSH), (LH), fasting plasma glucose level, HbA1c%, HOMA-IR, and insulin level.

Results: The mean serum LH was significantly lower in patients with T2DM compared to controls (3.83 ± 1.76 mIU/ml vs. 9.88 ± 1.64 mIU/ml, p < 0.001). In addition, the percentage of individuals with low serum LH was significantly high in the patient’s group in comparison to that of the control, 95.0 % versus 4.0 %, (p < 0.001). The mean serum FSH was also significantly lower in the T2DM group compared to the control group (3.41 ± 1.25 mIU/ml vs. 9.01 ± 1.44 mIU/ml, p < 0.001). Furthermore, the proportion of individuals with low serum FSH was significantly higher in the patient group than in the control group (100% vs. 0.0%, p < 0.001).

Conclusions: T2DM is associated with significant disruption of the pituitary-gonadal axis, leading to reduced production of FSH and LH in men.

Keywords: Gonadotrophic hormones; DMT2

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.62940/als.v10i0.1984

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